U1 L2 Interactive Resource

This situation might seem simple, but it highlights a key cultural difference. In many Latin American countries, it is common for strangers to share tables in busy restaurants, as long as they ask politely. In contrast, in Germany, people typically prefer their own space and might find it unusual for strangers to sit at the same table without an explicit invitation.

Doña Carmen, noticing that the couple seemed unfamiliar with this custom, laughed and said:

Her use of a mixed conditional emphasized how time and experience shape cultural understanding.

Asking for permission can take different forms depending on the context and level of formality. Below are some specific scenarios with the most appropriate ways to ask:

Although many people are willing to grant permission, there are situations where they might need to refuse. Knowing how to deny permission politely can prevent misunderstandings.

When the waiter at the restaurant came to take their order, Michael asked:

The waiter responded apologetically:

This is a good example of softening a refusal. Instead of simply saying "No", the waiter:

• Apologized first ("I’m sorry, but...")
• Gave an explanation ("We’ve run out...")

There are several ways to deny permission politely:

Later, as they left the restaurant, Michael reflected on the situation and said:

This mixed conditional shows how a past lack of knowledge affected his behavior (hesitating to ask).

Other examples of mixed conditionals related to permission:

• "If I had asked earlier, I might have gotten a better seat."
• "Had we known there was a dress code, we wouldn’t have worn shorts."
• "If you had told me in advance, I would have saved a table for you."

1. Asking for permission appropriately depends on cultural norms. Some places expect explicit permission, while others are more flexible.
2. The way permission is asked varies by context. Professional, casual, and social situations require different levels of formality.
3. Denying permission politely is just as important as granting it. Using softening language helps maintain good relationships.
4. Mixed conditionals help explain how past knowledge (or lack of it) influences present situations.

Anna and Michael left the restaurant feeling more comfortable navigating Cartagena’s social customs. They now knew that asking for permission—whether to sit at a table, take a photo, or make a request—was not just about politeness but also about understanding cultural differences.